Long-term field experiments (LTFE) have a long tradition in the countries of Central Europe, the oldest trial in Skierniewice, Poland beginning in 1923. Many other trials were established in the late sixties and early seventies and have been in operation for almost 40 years (Table 1). The exciting part of these trial projects is that the experiments have been set up on very different soil types varying in soil texture and are being carried out under different climatic conditions, with annual precipitation from 425 to 798 mm and an average temperature from 6.5 °C to 12.0 °C.
